Designing a Power-Efficient FSO System by Analysing the Q Factor using the FBG Technique in G-PON

Abstract

FSO systems is attaining high populous and recommendation for the last few years with various advantages such as lower spectrum, low bit error rates, low-cost etc. In system, 10 Gbps data and transmitted over distances of 1 km FSO link by using fiber bragg grating technique. The result is reported in term of the Quality factors, BER and eye diagrams. This simulated system had been observed based up on different parameters using Optisystem 20.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Fibre  communication refers to the manner  of transmission of  information from one area to some other via sending light waves through the optic fibre. light refers to an electromagnetic carrier wave and the modulation of which  is made for holding  statistics and various other information.

Technique of communicating the use of fibre optics comprises of the following primary steps: creation of the optic sign with a transmitter, transmission of signal through the fibre, making sure that signal does not end up being distorted and weaker in strength, and receipt of the OS followed by changing it into an electrical signal Bandwidth.

Unfastened space optical transmission (FSO) generation which makes the use of  lasers for offering optical bandwidth connections or it's miles a method that propagates the mild in unfastened area like vacuum, air or something similar that wirelessly transmits information.

FSO communication is taken into consideration as an opportunity to relay line of sight verbal exchange system.

There has been an installation of Fiber to home system from point-point and point-2-multipoint time multiplexing ON structure. Displayed in figure A the general PON that delivers the 3 concentrated services to other guest similar like the university, home and other user’s home from the centre office.

The focal office having the maximum furthest reaches of 1550.1 nm up to the lower furthest reaches of 1300.1 nm can be seen at the far end of collector. The Full Service Access leads to the creation of passive optical network i.e. PON, which is essentially characterized by the ITUT and IEEE. The most noteworthy pace of transformation with respect to FTTH utilizing the passive optical network that is in Asia.

The 2 significant principles for the PONs to have arisen is the E-PON and the G-PON. Optic access lines are used in a bi-directional point-2-multipoint networks structure in a G-PON system to connect a carrier's CO & customer locations. G-PON is among the most relevant framework in overall that is generally introduced in Fiber-2-Home organizations. Gigabit Aloof Optical Organization is characterized in ITU-T suggestion series G.984.1 to G.984.4. G.984 standard series showcases general qualities of G-PON (G.984.1) as well as actual layer (G.984.2) transmission layer detail (G.984.3) and ONU the board and control determination (G.984.4). G-PON can move Ethernet, yet ATM and TDM (counting PSTN, ISDN, E1 and E3) traffic by utilizing G-PON embodying work. While there are a few different methods for bringing optical fibers to different homes, as the G-PON is regarded as the most relevant for longer ranges of deployments.

G-PON depends on the TDM method, wherein the down frequency is utilized for advancement of data transmission whereas other downstream is utilized for the simple video administrations

B. Optisystem Software

Optisystem software will be used for investigation and analysis of different curves for spontaneous transmission with respect to intensity of light(db.) and wavelength(nm). There are different theoretical investigations also which take place showing different variations of curves with different parameters such as Normalized total carrier density, intensity transmission(db.), Q factor.

II. SYSTEM DIPICTION

Figure showing the proposed 10 Gb/s FSO transmitted framework. Optisystem is used to model the proposed system. This demonstrates how the FSO System's for much larger range to fulfill the preconditions of the high speed communication to withstand the effects of weather with regard to the FSO link for gigabit passive optical network (G-PON). The system's efficiency is determined by comparing the system's link distance to acceptable Q factor values.

III. SIMULATED SETUP

The motive of such a setup is putting an efficient ONC for wider range of communication for fulfilling  the requirements and objectives of the premises’ current demands is by thoroughly understanding the objective of gigabit PON using the help of “OPTISYSTEM 20” software.

A. Simulation of the Transmission System

In the transmission, steps are divided into four major parts pseudo random bit sequence generator, NRZ pulse generator, the CW Laser, Mach-Zehnder modulator and an optical amplifier. The PRB sequence generator is basically used as a message signal that is to be transmitted through the free space onto the receiver end. This sequence generator produces values in the form of 0’s and 1’s which are produced randomly. This message signal is then modulated in the Mach-Zehnder modulator with the carrier signal. The CW laser is used in this simulation as the carrier signal with the frequency of 1550nm output. The output of the modulator is then passed through the optical amplifier having 20 db gain and 4 db noise figure. The amplifier increases the strength of the modulated signal so the signal that passes through the free space have the capacity to reach the destination with less distortion and noise because the line of sight comm. do not use any particular system to carrier the signal.

B. Reciever System
On the contrary, the exact opposite  procedure is stipulated at the receiver end. The modulated and amplified optical signal is detected using the PIN photodiode. The photodiode is a pn junction diode which absorbs the light energy for producing electric current. At the receiver’s end, the optical signal that is received is measured in comparison to the transmitted signal. The optical receiver consists of 2 optical amplifiers to increase the strength of the distorted signal, an optical attenuator, FBG system, Bessels Filter, a PIN photo diode, an optical regenerator and an eye diagram visualizer. The Bessel’s filter is a form of analog linear filter having a maximally flat group delay which helps in the preservation of the filtered signal’s wave shape in the pass band. An optical regenerator, which is an optical repeater is a part of the sub par component of the FSO system that reinforces the optical signal. It identifies optic signals, followed by renovating them into electrical signals. The BER analyzer is used for testing the qualities of the signal by providing the quality factor, Bit Error Rate and SNR of the signal received through the FSO channel.

Conclusion

The Quality Factor is essential for High speed data rate transmission in G-PON for the efficient usage of the FSO fiber communication. The important agenda of this simulation is to maximize the Efficiency by varying different lengths between the free space around the transmitter and receiver. In this research the lengths of the FSO is to be varied in the ranges from 600m to 950 m which in fact results to max Q-factor of upto10.3862 at 600m in comparison with different lengths of the FSO system and the polarization values is 200 THz (193.1 THz).

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Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Nikhil Kumar, Virendra P. Vishwakarma. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.